The Cost Of The Minimum Wage - 2450 Words

With one of the highest standards of living and one of the most stagnant minimum wage rates in the United States, Hawaii is not always the paradise that many consider it to be. Between 2007 and 2014—during which America went through one of its biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression, the minimum wage rate remained at $7.25. According to economic professor Amy Glasmeier’s Living Wage Calculator, a person with a spouse and two children would have needed to make $28.95 to subsist in the county of Honolulu, $21.70 more than the $7.25 minimum wage (Lam, 2015). As a result, in 2014, Governor Neil Abercrombie approved a proposal to gradually raise the minimum wage to $10.10 by 2018. He did this in hopes that raising the minimum wage would help workers meet the rising cost of living in Hawaii. 2015 saw its first wage increase to $7.75, and 2016 saw another increase to $8.50. While many minimum wage workers applauded Abercrombie’s decision to raise the m inimum wage, his approval has also been met with criticism, reflecting the current nationwide debate over raising the minimum wage. The debate over a minimum wage can be traced back to the beginning of economic thought. The origin of two types of economic theories, the labor theory of value (which supports a minimum wage increase) and the utility theory of value (which opposes a minimum wage increase), came from Adam Smith, the first economist to develop a consistent view of capitalism (Hunt, 40). Smith mainlyShow MoreRelatedThe Cost Of Minimum Wage Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduced minimum wage as a part of Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The purpose of minimum wage were to prevent poverty and to stimulate the economy by increasing consumer’s purchasing power. However, in 2015, 78.2 million workers were paid hourly, representing 58.5% of all workers in the United States. Among those people, 870,000 workers earned the minimum wage, $7.25 per hour and 1.7 million w orkers earned below the minimum. In total, 3.3% of workers earned exactly or below the minimum wage. For yearsRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Cost Of Living Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagescomplex of living in the United States which is supposed to be the land of the free. The cost of living now these days have put those who only make minimum wage in poverty stricken situations, which now they have no choice but to depend on the government to live. We either have to lower the cost of living so that people can live a somewhat sustainable life, or raise the minimum wage so that we can afford the cost of living that is provided to us. Somethings got to give, it s obvious that we cannotRead MoreThe High Cost Of Minimum Wage929 Words   |  4 PagesThe high cost of minimum wage For a while now many have been demanding minimum wage be brought up to 15 dollars. Strikes and protests for it are nothing new. Who wouldn t want to get paid more? This idea seems promising, but it may turn into a deadly trap ready to paralyze our economy. Minimum wage should not be raised to 15 dollars for at least several years because it will ruin our economy. It would be very costly, unfair and counterproductive if that were to happen. Raising minimum wage to 15Read MoreShould The Minimum Wage Be An Investment Or A Cost?1203 Words   |  5 Pagesand not the companies. It has been agreed upon that in Ontario â€Å"The general minimum wage rises to $11.25 an hour, from $11† (Herhalt, 2015, para.2). Obviously there is a decision to be made of how many new employees to be hired. To companies this is the price to do business in the future while employees view this as their monetary income. Alas the conundrum appears, do companies view minimum wage as an investment or a cost to the organization. There are both positive and negative standpoints to thisRead MoreThe Cost Of Idealism : Setting The Appropriate Minimum Wage1618 Words   |  7 Pages The Cost of Idealism: Setting the Appropriate Minimum Wage Blake Kaiser-Lack Williams Economics 19 November 2015 In Seattle this past August, Ritu Shah Burnham and his 11 co-workers at a small ZPizza lost their jobs and business to one seemingly beneficial culprit: the minimum wage. After huge wage hikes in cities like Seattle, San Francisco, and Oakland, small businesses similar to Burnham’s have been following suit due to increased labor costs that eradicate businesses’Read MoreIncrease In Ontarios Cost of Living Tied to Minimum Wage Increase808 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Question. Should increases to Ontario’s minimum wage be tied to the cost of living? Minimum wage is something that maintains the stability of a states economy. Minimum wage is regulated by the provincial government where the most minor of changes creates an exponential ripple effect through both local and international economies. A minimum wage is the wage that is able to provide not only for bare physical needs but also for preservation of efficiency of workers plus some measure of educationRead MoreDetermining The Cost Per Hour Difference Between A Minimum Wage1183 Words   |  5 Pagesthis report is to determine the cost per hour difference between a minimum wage employee working 40 hours per week for 52 weeks located in Cornwall, Ontario and Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. The result of this report will be used for the establishment of a new distribution centre. All the elements of employee’s salary in the city of Cornwall and Pittsburgh will be covered in this report. The report will make the use of exchange rate for comparing the difference in wages in two c ountries now and after theRead MoreRaising the Minimum Wage: A Counter-Intuitive Solution Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesWhile some believe that raising the minimum wage will resolve poverty issues and lack of pay with the signing of legislation, the raising of the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (as advocated by President Obama and the Democrats) would cause the poverty issue to be worse than it already is; inflation would occur, employees would be laid off, and minimum wage employees would lose welfare benefits, thus offsetting the wage increase. The Government should consider the effects on the American economy asRead MoreA Brief Note On Raising The Minimum Wage1503 Words   |  7 PagesWage War Alternatives to Raising the Minimum Wage Minimum wage is a topic of considerable controversy and a significant source of economic stratification. Essentially, the minimum wage policy is what defines the baseline income of â€Å"low level† or â€Å"starting positions.† Here in the U.S. most individuals will at some point in their life hold a minimum wage position. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 58.5% of U.S. citizens were paid at hourly rates, and about 2.6 million workersRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Policy During The United States1714 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease the federal minimum wage. Headlines throughout the country highlight recent minimum wage policy changes in major cities such as Los Angeles and Seattle. Last month, Governor Andrew Cuomo of New York announced an approved minimum wage increase to $15 an hour for all fast food workers in the state (McGeehan). Even the website for the White House has a separate page, â€Å"Raise the Wage,† advocating for Congress to increa se the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (Raise the Wage). The most commonly

Summary Of Uncle Tom s Cabin - 2027 Words

Justin Hanna 8/18/15 US History-Block E Chapter 4.1-4.4 Notes Section 4.1 Describe the meaning of secession. Secession, specifically Southern Secession, is when a state breaks off from the Union to form its own system of government with rules of its own. What is the significance of popular sovereignty? Popular sovereignty allowed each state to vote for whether or not slavery should be allowed in that state. This was the government’s attempt to satisfy both the North and the South. What is the Underground Railroad? The Underground Railroad was a secret â€Å"railroad system† created by abolitionists to hide runaway slaves. Who is Harriet Tubman and what is her significance? Harriet Tubman was a famous â€Å"conductor† of the Underground Railroad. She travelled back to the south 19 times and helped around 300 slaves, two of them being her own parents. Who is Harriet Beecher Stowe? Harriet Beecher Stowe was an anti-slavery author who wrote and published the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin to try to convince people that slavery is not only politically controversial, but morally straining. What made Franklin Pierce significant? Franklin Pierce was a Democratic candidate who won thanks to the harsh fall of the Southern Whig vote. Who is Dred Scott? Dred Scott was a slave who tried to get his freedom by appealing to the Supreme Court on the grounds that living in a free territory granted him his freedom. He was denied his freedom because slaves were considered property and property wasShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Uncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1400 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin; this novel poignantly explores the realities of slavery. Eliza’s Flight: A Scene from Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a cover of sheet music, foreshadows the imminent abolishment of slavery and encourages abolitionists to continue supporting the cause. The image sends the message of positivity and persistence to slaves and freedmen; it simultaneously appeals to Northern viewers through its use of emotion. Uncle Tom’s Cabin captured the horrors of war so effectivelyRead MoreSummary Of Harriet Beecher Stowe s Uncle Tom s Cabin 1124 Words   |  5 Pagesbranded, beat and imprisoned. Slavery was a dehumanizing act brought forth by many Americans in the North and South. One of the greatest authors of all time was a â€Å"little lady who caused the great war† with her best-selling anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Harriet Beecher Stowe changed the world with her powerful words and outstanding novels that shaped society today. The words quoted are known to come from President Abraham Lincoln when he met Stowe. Harriet Elisabeth Stowe was born a BeecherRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Chapter Summary And Arrangement Of The Book1024 Words   |  5 PagesBrief Summary and Arrangement of the Book: The book Uncle Tom’s Cabin is about slavery in the South. The book follows Eliza, a mother living in Kentucky with the Shelbys. Eliza loved them as if they were her parents, but they fell into debt and Mr. Shelby had to sell two of his slaves: Eliza’s son and Uncle Tom. Eliza fearing for the life of her child fled to Canada. Part of the book focuses on her journey to Canada; being chased by slave catchers, and reuniting with her lost husband. The otherRead MoreUncle Toms Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe1144 Words   |  5 PagesUncle Tom’s Cabin has been explained as being a history of harmful acts towards Blacks in America for a period of a hundred and thirty years (Stowe, â€Å"Nineteenth†). 51).The book Uncle Tom’s Cabin was one of History’s favorite book s (Stowe, â€Å"Nineteenth† 1). It talks about how Tom would do anything for the white man (Stowe, Uncle 1). The southerners did not give Harriet Beecher Stowe and credit for writing the book (Piacentino 1). Uncle Tom showed a lot of Christianity in this book, but the masterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Uncle Tom s Cabin 1345 Words   |  6 Pagesin their treatment of race, notably, Huckleberry Finn.† (Annette Gordon-Reed). I believe that Stowe’s novel was taken seriously as a woman’s novel. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was very influential in that time period, and still is today. The novel is commonly noted as a big influence that began the Civil War, and people still refer to it today. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is used very commonly today as a reference to slavery and the time period, and in many literature courses throughout high school and college. It isRead MoreSlavery in American Literature1590 Words   |  7 Pagesissue. Harriet Beecher Stowe The most important ante-bellum (pre-War work)was Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin (1852). Stowe was virtually unknown when she wrote the book. She was influenced by the experience s of two teenage Maryland slave girls, Emily and Mary Edmonson, who were rescued from being sold as fancy girls to New Orleans bordellos. The story of Eliza , Topsy, Uncle Tom, and Simon Legree electrified northern readers and theater goers, affecting northern attitudes toward slaveryRead MoreHarriet Beecher Stowe Essay1882 Words   |  8 PagesBiographical Summary Uncle Toms Cabin, written by Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe in 1852, made her the most widely known American woman writer of the 19th century. She was a housewife with six children, who opposed slavery with a passion. With the advice of her sister-in-law she decided to write this novel. Harriet or nicknamed â€Å"Hattie† Beecher was born on June 14, 1811 in Litchfield, Connecticut. She was the sixth out of eleven children and was born into a family of powerful and demandingRead MoreThe Influence of the 1850s in Uncle Toms Cabin2754 Words   |  12 PagesThe Influence of the 1850s in Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin Despite heartbreaking family separations and struggles for antislavery Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) erupted into one of the greatest triumphs recorded in literary history (Downs 228), inspiring plays, pictures, poems, songs, souvenirs, and statues (Claybaugh 519). As Uncle Toms Cabin was being published in the National Era newspaper in forty weekly installments (x), it was received by southerners asRead MoreAfrican American Theater Essays1964 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican-Americans to express the deep pain that the white population placed in front of them. Singing, dancing and acting took many African-Americans to a place that no oppressor could reach; considering the exploitation of their character during the 1930s-1960s ‘acting was an essential technique to African American survival. Although the black performing arts population had to take the road of survival to gain self satisfaction in the theaterRead MorePricing And Profit Condition : Consumers Bias And The Influence Of The Dealer Costs On Retailers1666 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumers of China do not trust e-commercial retailers since e-commerce market still has a rather shorter history in China. Most researchers found out that prices of most Dotcoms retailers’ products are lower than that of MCRs retailers’ products. 2.3 Summary of this chapter This part takes advantages of game theory and relevant theories of information economics to enlarge the Hotelling model; meanwhile, it conducts modeling analysis by referring to price competition issue between Dotcoms and MCRs. Through

Toyota Free Essays

Assignment One Country : Sri Lanka Module name and Module code : 6FBS1059 – Contemporary Issues In Business (Sri Lanka On Line) (February – May 2012/13) Group name : Born Leaders Student names and student numbers: – Mafaz Mohideen[12236368] – Piumi De Alwis [12236369] – Rixon Soris [12237405] – Lasitha De Silva [13038814] – Vidusha Silva [12236367] Topic : For a company of your choice and looking at the next 5 to 10 years, discuss. Which do you think will become more important, the management of human element of the organisation or the management of technology? Which management perspective might best suit your chosen company? Justify why Company : Toyota Motor Corporation Accurate Word Count : 1976 words Which do you think will become more important, the management of human element of the orgnisation or the management of technology? This report gives out a brief outlook on the Management of Human and Technological elements of Toyota, while justifying the most important element when considering the next five to ten years. Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation abbreviated as TMC, is  a  Japanese   We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/strategic-management-and-competitive-advantage/"multinational organization headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. TMC was first established in 1937 as a separated company from Toyoda Automobile Loom works. Toyota has employed 300,734 consolidated employees and 69,148 non-consolidated employees worldwide, as of 31/03/2012. ( Toyota-global ,2013a) . TMC reclaimed the lead in global car sales over General Motors Co and Volkswagen Group in the first half of 2012 accounting for sales worth ? 18583. 6 million (Rall. P, 2013). Today, Toyota has 7 factories in the United States, 15 in Japan and in 13 more countries around the world. Toyota is well known for its small cars and SUVs, but it is an industry leader in manufacturing techniques and has been a pioneer since its inception (Toyota ,2011). The Toyota Production System (TPS) is a benchmark for all manufacturing companies. Yet, it is questionable how a renowned company like Toyota could experience the type of quality problems that created numerous media headlines during year 2009 -2010. (Cusumano. M: 2013,p-33). This report further looks into Toyota’s unique production system and its philosophy, and will go along inspecting the significance of human element and technology while considering the causes of the recent quality issues and thereafter suggesting the most important element that need to be managed in view of its future. Furthermore the report will suggest the most suitable management perspective whilst justifying. Toyota’s production system Toyota has been shaped by a distinctive set of principles and values that have their ancestry in the company’s developmental years in Japan. The Toyota way, a management philosophy used by TMC consist 14 key principles including Toyota production system ( TPS ). The Toyota Way has four  components: Long-term thinking as a basis for management decisions, a  process  for  problem-solving, Adding value to the organization by developing its people and recognizing that continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning. (1000advices ,2001) The â€Å"Toyota production system† (TPS) is the basis of Toyota’s global competitive advantage. It is not a solitary process but a cultural mindset that involve every element to work together ,in other words the system depends in part on human resources management policy that encourage employee creativity and loyalty but also on a highly efficient network of suppliers and components manufacturers. The critical components of the TPS house are the just-in-time (even workflow) and jidoka (quality through human-controlled automation), Kaizen – Continu ous Improvement, they are the pillars that create the structural integrity and protect continuous learning. (Toyota ,2013) (Source: Toyota ,2013). Toyota Production System. ) Human element vs. Technology The human element and technology are two critical aspects in any organisation in today’s context, when considering Toyota it is no exception. Liker (2004), states that the incredible consistency of Toyota’s performance is a direct result of operational excellence and is based in part on tools and quality improvement methods made famous by Toyota. He further mentions that tools and techniques are no secret weapon for transforming a business, but Toyota’s continued success at implementing these tools stems from a deeper business philosophy based on its understanding of people and human motivation ( Liker . J: 2004a, p-14). Toyota, the world’s largest automobile manufacturer carries out advanced research and practical application of technologies. According to The Toyota way, the company uses â€Å"only reliable, thoroughly tested technology that serves their people and processes† . Yet again, â€Å"testing† entails both existing technology and new / revolutionary technology that Toyota has systematically evaluated and conducted to confirm that it works. ( Liker . J: 2004b, p-165) However justifying the J. K Liker’s(2004) statement honorary advisor Eiji Toyoda states â€Å"Because people make our automobiles, nothing gets started until we train and educate our people†, as seen in these words , it is understood that the human element as well plays a critical role . Toyota believes that lean management call for highly developed people and deeper trust in comparative to a mass production system, also that its becomes the critical element and their willingness to recognize and solve problems is what drives continuous improvement (Liker. J. and Hoseus. M: 2010a, p34-50). TMC’s basic theory is that cautiously chosen and developed people over extended periods of time will constantly improve processes and eventually direct to competitive advantage and mutual prosperity. Nevertheless , the mechanical failures in Toyota automobiles during 2009-2010 which caused Toyota to recall nearly nine million cars worldwide ( Bunkley. N and Maynard. M, 2010) questioned the above mentioned philosophies and strategies. These incidents were shown as a mechanical failure and not as a result of human resource professionals assuming product design roles and producing faulty accelerator pedals and onboard computers ,but as we know breaking point of a product or service is hardly ever the underlying or root cause of the failure. Toyota leaders had identified the mechanical failures long before corrective action was taken. Many close to the issue are indicating that the company took significant action to hide the facts and distort the scope of the problem. When the organization disproportionately rewarded managers for cost-containment versus sustaining product quality, it created the incentive for everyone involved to ignore the facts and to deny that a problem existed. (Sullivan. J, 2010). The HR processes that must at least be considered as suspect include rewards processes, training processes, performance management processes, and the hiring process. Equally, Eiji Toyoda pointed to the failure of Toyota’s commitment to â€Å"genchi genbutsu†, meaning go see for yourself to thoroughly understand the situation . He stated that Toyota should have required upper management to go to the source of problems to ensure that they did not base decisions on superficial understanding. (B. Chung and H. Kleine ,2012) Therefore these incidents that caused a negative impact on Toyota’s brand name for providing trusted and quality products shows the importance of the management of the human element in its coming years to gain its customers trusts back. The 2020 Vision of Toyota (Source: Toyota. u (2010a) Vision 2020 :Four key pillars. ) The plan for year 2020, known as â€Å"Toyota global vision 2020†,drafts the automobile giant’s new management direction and vision for the future . The Vision itself explains that it has prioritized the management of its human element in â€Å" Becoming a Leading Player †. The 2020 Vision focuses on four key pillars shown above in exibit1. 2 , namely Customer Delight ,Environmental leadership, Good Corporate citizen and Self reliance with focus o n locally produced models . Three of these key pillars has a direct link to human elements relevant TMC ,most importantly the customer delight . In addition Didler Leroy, President Toyota Motor Europe , too stated that the â€Å"utmost priorities were, regaining customers’ trust, people’s respect and customer confidence in Toyota’s commitment to superior quality† while ensuring that each member in their team aims to deliver the best (Toyota. eu : 2010b,p 11-15) Conclusion When having to decide if the Management of technology or Human element would be more important for Toyota when looking ahead at the next 5 to 10 years, based on the above research and after understanding about the Toyota way of doing things where it calls out for continuous improvement and With solid controls on TPS which is a Human resource management policy and with the 2020 vision of Toyota giving more emphasis on the Improvement in managing the human element, We could conclude in stating that the management of the Human element would play a more important role during the next 5 to 10 years. Which management perspective might best suit Toyota? Management practices and perspectives vary in response to these social, political and economic forces in the larger society. During difficult times, managers look for ideas to help them cope with environmental turbulence and keep their organizations vital. A management tools survey conducted revealed a dramatic increase over the past dozen or so years in the variety of management ideas and techniques used by managers. (Daft, R. et al : 2010a,p-43) Behavioral management perspective Management principles developed during the classical period were simply not useful in dealing with many management situations and could not explain the behavior of individual employees. In other words, classical theory ignored employee motivation and behavior. As a result, the behavioral school was a natural outgrowth of this revolutionary management experiment. Hence  behavioral management perspective  emphasizes individual attitudes and behaviors and group processes. It addresses the human dimension of work. Behavioral theorists believe that a better understanding of human behavior at work, such as motivation, conflict, expectations, and group dynamics, improve productivity. Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933) recognized the importance of the role of Human behavior in the work place and that lead to Human relation school of thought. (Daft, R. et al :2010b,p 49-51) A major tip for being a well-known car manufacturer since its inauguration has been one of the management perspectives which Toyota has considered when managing the organization. It could be stated that the best or most suited management perspective would be The Behavioral Management perspective or in other words Human relation school of thought for Toyota . Accordingly the below paragraphs make understand the significance of this management perspective to Toyota and while justifying it as the most suitable The ‘respect for humans’ system Toyota builds their future planning around the people they employ as it is the base of their success. The main drive of the argument is that, under the TPS, workers’ dignity is respected because the system makes full use of their capabilities and entrusts them with the running and improvement of the plant. There is discussion of ‘respect for humanity’ and ‘treating workers as human beings and with consideration’ but there is no element of the discussion which relates to relieving the monotony of factory work or reducing the pace of work, or of worker autonomy. Indeed, with the emphasis on standardized work, worker autonomy as far as the core processes are concerned is explicitly ruled out. ( Weerasombat. T and Hampson. I ,2012) Human Resources Development of Toyota Toyota seeks to develop human resources through the activity of making things. Toyota believes that the development of human resources requires the handing down of values and perspectives. In conjunction with the geographic expansion of business and the growth of business areas, undertaking global actions for the development of human resources has become a priority issue. Toyota is building both tangible (a new learning facility) and intangible (course content) structures relating to team member development that ensures a secure and steady flow of qualified human resources to conduct Toyota’s global business in the 21st century. ( Liker, J. and Hoseus, M: 2010b,p 34-50) This process of development goes on for two years, at which point the temporary employee is either hired or not. Newly hired will continue on- the- job development for another three years, which means the development lasts five years total. Overall, the Toyota invests substantial amounts of money acquiring and developing their employees because they understand that the employee is the only appreciating asset that they have and therefore, it is worth investing in employees. (Toyota-global: 2005b,p53-57) The Toyota Company works on a scale and has an influence so vast that it is often difficult to envision as a whole. The level and diversity of technologies that it must deploy are increasing, which imposes both new investment burdens and new uncertainties and risks. Roughly a million new cars and trucks are built around the world each week, and they are easily the most complex products of their kind to be mass-produced in such volumes. Conclusion In conclusion, it is certain through the acquiring and development process performed by Toyota, that they value employees and spend many resources on these two aspects for good reasons. The result is a competent work force within a strong culture which is the main reason for Toyota’s success. And based on all of the mentioned areas and research we could justify that Behavioral Management perspective would be the most suited Management perspective . REFRENCES 1000advices (2001). Toyota Culture and Management Philosophy. Available at: http://www. 1000advices. com/guru/processes_lean_toyota_way_14principles. html . [Accessed 10 March 2013]. B. Chung and H. Kleine (2012). Dissecting Toyota’s woes. Available at: http://www. iienet2. org/details. aspx? id=29416 . [Last Accessed 05 March 2013]. Bunkley, N. and Maynard, M. (2010) With Recall Expanding, Toyota Gives an Apology. New York Times, [online] January 30. Available at: http://www. nytimes. com/2010/01/30/business/30toyota. html [Accessed: 09 March 2013]. Cusumano, M. 2013) Technology Strategy and Management Reflections on the Toyota Debacle. Communications ACM, 54 (1), p. 33. Available at: http://mags. acm. org/communications/201101/? pg=35#pg35 [Accessed: 10 March 2013]. Daft, R. et al. (2010a) Management. [e-book] Cengage . p. 43. Available through: lib. myilibrary. com http://lib. myilibrary. com/Open. aspx? id=258423 [Accessed: 07 March 2013]. Daft, R. et al. (2010b) Management. [e-book] Cengage . pp. 49-51. Available through: lib. myilibrary. com http://lib. myilibrary. com/Open. aspx? id=258423 [Accessed: 07 March 2013]. Liker , J. (2004a) The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World’s Greatest Manufacturer. [e-book] McGraw-Hill. p. 14 . Available through: www. ziddu. com . http://downloads. ziddu. com/downloadfile/5743842/TheToyotaWay14ManagementPrinciples. rar. html. [Accessed: 04 March 2013]. Liker , J. (2004b) The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World’s Greatest Manufacturer. [e-book] McGraw-Hill. p. 165. Available through: www. ziddu. com . http://downloads. ziddu. com/downloadfile/5743842/TheToyotaWay14ManagementPrinciples. rar. html. Accessed: 04 March 2013]. Liker, J. and Hoseus, M. (2010a) Human Resource development in Toyota culture. Int. J. of Human Resources Development and Management, vol 10 (No. 1), p. pp. 34 – 50. Available at: http://www. hreonline. com/HRE/view/story. jhtml? id=142379047 [Accessed: 10 March 2013]. Liker, J. and Hoseus, M. (2010b) Human Resource development in Toyota culture. Int. J. of Human Resources Development and Mana gement, vol 10 (No. 1), pp. 34 – 50. Available at: http://www. hreonline. com/HRE/view/story. jhtml? id=142379047 [Accessed: 10 March 2013]. Rall. P (2013). Toyota outsells GM, Volkswagen to claim 2012 global sales title . Available at: http://www. torquenews. com/106/toyota-outsells-gm-volkswagen-claim-2012-global-sales-title. [Accessed 09 March 2013]. Sullivan . J (2010) A Think Piece: How HR Caused Toyota to Crash – ERE. net. [online] Available at: http://www. ere. net/2010/02/15/a-think-piece-how-hr-caused-toyota-to-crash [Accessed: 09 March 2013]. Toyota (2011). Toyota Motor Co p . 2. Available at: http://www. trinity. edu/smf/inc/reports/fl2011/TM. pdf . [Accessed 10 March 2013]. Toyota (2013). Toyota Production System. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. toyota. com. au/toyota/company/operations/toyota-production-system . [Accessed 09 March 2013]. Toyota. eu (2010a) Vision 2020 :Four key pillars. [image online] Available at: http://www. toyota. eu/sustainability/vision_strategy/vision_strategy/Pages/default. aspx [Accessed: 04 March 2013]. Toyota. eu. (2010b) Vision Strategy 2020. [e-book] Toyota. p. 11-15. Available through: www. toyota. eu http://www. toyota. eu/sustainability/vision_strategy/vision_strategy/Pages/default. spx [Accessed: 07 March 2013]. Toyota-global (2013a). Overview. Available at: http://www. toyota-global. com/company/profile/overview/. [Accessed 10 March 2013]. Toyota-global. (2005b) Relations with Employees. [e-book] Toyota. p. 53-57. Available through: www. toyota-global. com http://www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/report/sr/05/pdf/so_02. pdf [Accessed: 07 March 2013]. Weerasombat. T and Hampson. I (2012). Between ‘Leanâ €™ and ‘Reflective’ Production: The Case of Toyota Motors . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. google. lk/url? a=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1ved=0CC0QFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. ilpc. org. uk%2FPortals%2F56%2Filpc2012-paperupload%2FILPC2012paper-ILPC_2012_BetweenLeanandReflectiveProduction_Fin_20120321_065534. docxei=Z0Y_UYGrIMSNrgfJ7oG4Dwusg=AFQjCNHRaXVZC9gm-p8GT1wkMOeDLZts2gsig2=Rw6vP_GPfGP36cp_zrLBuAbvm=bv. 43287494,d. bmk . [Accessed 05 March 2013]. 1000ventures (2001) Toyota production system . [image online] Available at: http://www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/cs_efficiency_toyota_ps. html How to cite Toyota, Papers Toyota Free Essays Company Objectives World domination with regard to car supply. Toyota seeks to achieve market leadership by delivering value to customers and providing high quality vehicles. Ill. We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota or any similar topic only for you Order Now Analysis Of Related Case Facts A. Porters Five Forces Analysis 1. Threat of New Entrants – Low New entrants can’t enter the market easily as it requires huge capital investment, cutting-edge technology and the industry have already reached economics of scale. Brand loyalty among the buyers. They won’t easily switched to new brand as purchasing a vehicle incurred high cost. 2. Bargaining Power of Supplier – Moderately Low Various types of suppliers in automobile industry such as cooling, electrical, fuel supply systems distributed across the globe. They own many interchangeable supplier and produced many components in the short time. Suppliers don’t own the power to determine the price. 3. Bargaining Power of Buyer – High Can easily switch to other brands if they’re cheaper and better specifications such as Hand’s new Hybrid models which are more lucrative Toyota Pries. 4. Threat of Substitute – Moderately High There are a lot of substitutes in automobile industry. When the price or the specifications of the vehicle is lack of favor, the substitutes will emerge. Besides from vehicles, buyer can opt for other substitutes such as bicycle, bus, train or even walking to reach their destination with petrol price hiking. However, it depends greatly on the consumers geographical location. 5. Competitive Rivalry -? High Competition between existing players is high. There is not much differentiation between players and their products. Other automobile companies are moving aggressively with their strategy to own higher market share with Hybrid models. B. Soot Analysis Strengths Us period productivity and efficiency of Toyota Production System Toyota is the world’s largest vehicle manufacturer by production and sales Global strong brand awareness Strong distribution and market efforts focused on high quality, sales and close involvement with customers It has initiated new technologies Weaknesses Recalls caused quite severe financial impact It is criticized as a foreign importer by Japanese local car producers In May 2009, they reported a record yearly net loss of $ 4. Billion In 2005 faced criticism because of a large scale recall and quality issues Opportunities Recovery of auto industries Positive growth trend in hybrid vehicle segment Growing demand from major emerging markets India and China Demand for fuel efficient, compact vehicles In 2009 Bank of India decreased the interests on automotive bank loans Product innovation The retreats Competition in the global automotive market Uncertainty in global economic condition W eakening demand, increasing cost Tightening emission standards C. PEST Analysis Political Factors Laws and regulations mandated by the government/state/local assembles may put in measures to ensure that safe and ethical practices are being allowed to promote fairness within the company. On the other hand, these laws, especially those foreign to Japanese customs create policies that imposes more profit loss for TM because it is a foreign car company. Economic and Social Factors The first that may impact Tm’s profit is that the social status of the world economy as a whole. If the world market is suffering due to a world-wide recession. Customers may be forced to buy domestic cars due to their lower cost, rather than buying foreign cars. However, if consumers are earning a higher income, this may prove beneficial to Toyota thereby increasing many profit and accountability. Stability of the upcoming market is highly projected. Technological Factors Technological advancements may also be a factor in determining Tm’s overall production. The world relies heavily on technology to plan out the details and executions of company plans and goals. It would be wise for TM to continue its research developments to improve the company’s value and reputation. IV. Relevant Strategic Management Lean Production System Lean Production System is the system designed and evolved in Toyota. It is modified form of Henry Ford’s Mass Production System. In some areas its philosophy seem exactly opposite to the fundamental principles of Mass Production System. Mass Production System Mass production is a method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit. This system of production is also known as Push System or Just- in-Case System . With precision equipment, large numbers of identical parts could be produced at low cost and with a small work force. Diversification At the time of establishment of Toyota Motor Company was in the business of making handloom. This can be seen as a Conglomerate Diversification as Toyota expanded its scope from Handloom Industry to Automobile Industry. Joint Venture ANNUM was established at the site Of a former GM Fremont Assembly site that had been closed two years earlier in 1982. GM and Toyota reopened the factory as a joint venture in 1 984 to manufacture vehicles to be sold under both brands. A joint venture was viewed as an approach that would lower the risk while providing help in overcoming difficult potential problems. Market Segmentation Toast’s most significant business segment is its automotive operations. Toyota carries out its automotive operations as a global competitor in the relied automotive market. Toast’s uses both differentiation and low cost as generic strategies to try and gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in the automotive industry. The market scope that Toyota uses is a broad one that encompasses nearly every type of customer that is in the market to purchase an automobile. Toyota is able to target such a large market because they have something for everyone. V. Alternative Courses and Action Toyota Motors Corporation, one of the largest automakers in the world. Due to growing number of recalls that it faced, sales plummeted thereby effecting the company’s position in the global automotive industry. The company recalled million of vehicles in 2009 that does not only hurt the company financially but significantly damaged the company’s brand. Toyota must ensure that the cars produced are faultless and of good quality. Toyota must focus on differentiating the company by concentrating on the atmosphere and design of the vehicles . It must enhance customers service as full-service provider. Excellent customer service should be observed since it would be able to make the company boost their reputation and consistency in terms of customer satisfaction. There should be a unique offering of amenities and facilities which would give them a stand out compared to other competitors, something like a trademark item or facility in which it couldn’t be copied or duplicated. Toyota has a reputation of manufacturing CEO friendly cars like the Pries based upon advanced technology developed by the organization. Toyota has also sold on its technology to other motor manufacturers. There is a big demand for CEO friendly and fuel efficient cars. Since Toyota already has a first mover advantage in making hybrid CEO friendly cars, it should capitalize n this opportunity and invest more on hybrid R and produce more environment friendly cars. VI. Analysis of Alternatives (Advantages and Disadvantages) VII. Conclusion Toyota has sources of strong competitive advantages in global automotive industry such as value chain, strong brand, wide product offering and hybrid vehicles. Major recalls, economic crisis and intense global competition have posed serious challenge for Toyota. Growing emerging markets and shifting customer demands offer Opportunities for Toyota to attain superior profitability and growth. Toyota must sustain its competitive advantages to attain its position and achieve future success. VIII. Recommendations Toyota motors are famous for their just in time manufacturing. The organization is doing well in this regard and competes with the world’s top car manufacturing firms . However the quality of the car as compare to other car manufacturing companies is not satisfactory. They should focus on the quality and designs of the car. As compare to Honda, the intense competitor of Toyota in Asia and some other regions, they have elegant designs and quality cars. Apart from that the company should also focus on fuel efficient and hybrid cars to increase its production and to make people aware of these cars. T MAC needs to become more diverse, to allow the integration Of leadership in all sectors of leaderships to create a uniform leadership team. The way the system is set up is not going too well for the company’s goal of being the number one manufacturer in the world. Also, Toyota needs to reanalyze its Research and Developmental Centers. It is through these centers that technologies are observed and tested to bring about the best possible and safe product for the consumer to use. There needs to be a construction of the company as a whole. How to cite Toyota, Papers Toyota Free Essays Toyota, one of the most renowned auto company started having a problem around in 1998 when it failed o store its new brand product Lexus’s data’s ineffectively. Though all it did not happen on purpose, but accidentally the Lexus Company could not fulfil the requirement and satisfaction of its customer in its early trail of database maintenance. Lexus the Toyotas high end luxury system had implemented a Corporate Customer information System in which there were some problems seen regarding the recording of customer information and override of wrong information of the customer data. We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though the company had best tried to save that customer information in a appropriate manner but due to the system deficiency the company was having a massive data quality problem. This problem aroused because the company failed to maintain and implement a central database system where all he customer information would be stored in a central database, which when required would display the multi branches customer information. The company had 15 different databases stored in 15 different parts of the company, where the individual company would only access their local data stored by the local branch. In words of Management we can correlate this problem as lack of centralised authority to data control, storing, maintenance and update of recent transactions. The world of Information Technology as compared to the Management is quite controversial. Controversial in a sense that, in proper management Decentralization and Delegation of authority is required to achieve the best results in efficient management performances while as in terms of Information Technology, it requires the access, storage, support and maintenance of centralised database system in order to keep the up to date records of every activities performed everyday to track down the right solution to the problem. An efficient Information System demands the availability of information and resources however and whenever demanded at any point of request. The database Toyota Lexus ha designed was to store all its customer info which would help when the system was asked to provide the customer details of the owner for organizational purpose. The objective LEXUS had established to serve its customer via maintaining a customer dataset could not be fulfilled as the purpose of developing a database could no be fulfilled as it resulted to various problems in miscommunication of information all around. The ownership of the vehicles ad been transferred to the people who did not even had the ownership license, the cheques were paid to the person who were even not entitled to receive and the legitimate information were passed where there had been frequent problems of fake customer identity. The customer details failed to validate the right owners of the vehicles which as a result led to a problem of data loss. Because of the problem, Toyota would return the owners car fixed, washed filled with fuel. Cheques were made payable to the people whom it did not even belonged to. CASE EXAMPLES Example: 1 http://www. internetautoguide. om/auto-recalls/09-int/1998/lexus/gs400/index. html APR 17, 1998 | Recall ID# 50473 Hide Details |Recall Reason |SUSPENSION:AUTOMATIC STABILITY CONTROL (ASC) | |Recall Date |APR 17, 1998 | |Model Affected |GS400 | |Potential Units Affected |14855 | Recall Summary | |VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. DUE TO A MANUFACTURING DEFECT OF THE YAW RATE SENSOR FOR THE VEHICLE STABILITY | |CONTROL (VSC), THE VSC CAN OPERATE IMPROPERLY IF THE SENSOR IS AFFECTED BY CERTAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, SUCH AS FROM A | |CELLULAR PHONE. | |Consequence | |SHOULD THIS OCCUR, THE BRAKE MAY OPERATE UNEXPECTEDLY, AFFECTING STEERING AND SPEED CONTROL, INCREASING THE RISK OF A | |VEHICLE CRASH. |Remedy | |DEALERS WILL REPLACE THE YAW RATE SENSOR. | |Notes | |TOYOTA MOTOR CO. , LTD. | Example 2: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas Question I have a 1 998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Submitted: 11 days and 23 hours ago. Category:  Lexus Value:  ? 7 Status:  CLOSED + Read  More Optional Information Year: 1998 Make: Lexus Model: ES300 Already Tried: I have a 1998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Accepted Answer Hi, Your particular vehicle uses a mechanical, cable connection from the gas pedal to the throttle body as opposed to the electrical servo type throttles involved in the numerous recall related problems. Because of that, there would be no directly correlation between the two vehicles. That being said, there are 3 typical causes for sticking throttle in your vehicle. Least likely, but easiest to check is the infamous â€Å"floor mat obstruction†. This is typically noticeable while driving if your floor mat is interfering with the cable, but worth checking regardless. Second, is a worn out throttle cable. This is the cable that connects the gas pedal to the throttle body. Vehicles in northern states that have more issues with rust/corrosion are more likely to see a problem here. The cable is a thin metal wire sheathed in a plastic coating. As the exposed area of metal wire corrodes from environmental elements, it widens the cable making it more difficult to travel inside the cable sheath, often sticking. You can check this condition by operating the throttle body by hand an monitoring the cable to see if there is any resistance going into the sheath or if it travels smoothly. Lastly, and most common, is buildup of carbon/oil elements in the throttle body. Because of the ventilation system required by law, the throttle body is exposed to oil vapor from inside the engine via breathing hoses in the intake. Over time this builds up into a layer of hardened, baked-on oil inside the throttle body, right where the throttle plate needs to move. Due to it being softer than the metal throttle plate, the throttle plate always wins when it gets stuck, but the oil buildup does create resistance that will intermittently stick the throttle in position. Having the throttle body cleaned to prevent this should be done every 15k miles on this car for full assurance, or 30k miles at minimum for normal operation. Typical cost for cleaning is 1/2 hour labor (normal â€Å"minimum charge† at many shops), about $45 depending on the shops labor rate. pic] |Expert:   |Doug Cleland | |Pos. Feedback:   |100. 0 % | |Accepts:   |12 | |Answered:   |2/16/2010 | ASE Certified Technician Toyota Factory training and worked for a heavily Lexus trafficked Toyota store Read more: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas#ixzz0grgbynyy Example 3: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html Featured 1998 Recalls [pic] | |1998 Lexus LX470 | |Before you purchase a used car, make sure you check our comprehensive auto recall information to see if there are any | |problems that have been reported by the NHTSA. You can get detailed information on how and where to fix the car defect. | |Recall:   EXTERIOR LIGHTING : HEADLIGHTS | | | | | | | | | | Read more: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html#ixzz0grjp1yvD Take a noteworthy case in 1998. Toyota Motor Sales USA (TMS) responded to a recurring service problem with its Lexus vehicles by contacting owners, then picking up their vehicles, taking them in for repairs and leaving loaner cars as replacements. When done, the owners’ cars were returned—fixed, washed and tanked up. That level of service was made possible by TMS’s Corporate Customer Information System, an application used by the company’s call center in Iowa to help handle warranty, roadside assistance, prepaid maintenance and other service requests. But 1998 didn’t go altogether smoothly. Relying on data in that system, TMS began to mail checks to Lexus owners to replace troublesome tires. The checks, for more than $400 each, in some cases went to people who didn’t even own a Lexus. One errant check even found its way to a Toyota auditor, for a vehicle he hadn’t owned for a while. â€Å"You can imagine the repercussions of that,† says John Gonzales, data quality manager at TMS. â€Å"We can’t afford to be giving money away to people who shouldn’t be getting it. † The glitch was symptomatic of a bigger problem. The system depended on customer data stored in â€Å"roughly 15 databases in different parts of company,† says Gonzales. Just to get to all the data about a customer, call center employees would have to navigate through four or five mainframe applications, while customers waited. The glitch resulted in a mandate from Toyota’s office of the president for a centralized, single customer database. And Gonzales was tagged to make it happen. â€Å"The main goal was to service customers’ calls quicker,† he says. But also, â€Å"as the volume of calls went up, we didn’t want to increase the number of people in the call center. † Finding a way to pull off the consolidation turned out to be no mean feat. Gonzales and his team looked at a procession of products purportedly offering business intelligence,† but none fit the bill. Then, a solution was nearly dropped into his lap. While attending a How to cite Toyota, Papers Toyota Free Essays Company Objectives World domination with regard to car supply. Toyota seeks to achieve market leadership by delivering value to customers and providing high quality vehicles. Ill. We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota or any similar topic only for you Order Now Analysis Of Related Case Facts A. Porters Five Forces Analysis 1. Threat of New Entrants – Low New entrants can’t enter the market easily as it requires huge capital investment, cutting-edge technology and the industry have already reached economics of scale. Brand loyalty among the buyers. They won’t easily witched to new brand as purchasing a vehicle incurred high cost. 2. Bargaining Power of Supplier – Moderately Low Various types of suppliers in automobile industry such as cooling, electrical, fuel supply systems distributed across the globe. They own many interchangeable supplier and produced many components in the short time. Suppliers don’t own the power to determine the price. 3. Bargaining Power of Buyer – High Can easily switch to other brands if they’re cheaper and better specifications such as Hand’s new Hybrid models which are more lucrative Toyota Pries. 4. Threat of Substitute – Moderately High There are a lot of substitutes in automobile industry. When the price or the specifications of the vehicle is lack of favor, the substitutes will emerge. Besides from vehicles, buyer can opt for other substitutes such as bicycle, bus, train or even walking to reach their destination with petrol price hiking. However, it depends greatly on the consumers geographical location. 5. Competitive Rivalry -? High Competition between existing players is high. There is not much differentiation between players and their products. Other automobile impasse are moving aggressively with their strategy to own higher market share with Hybrid models. B. Soot Analysis Strengths Superior productivity and efficiency of Toyota Production System Toyota is the world’s largest vehicle manufacturer by production and sales Global strong brand awareness Strong distribution and market efforts focused on high quality, sales and close involvement with customers It has initiated new technologies Weaknesses Recalls caused quite severe financial impact It is criticized as a foreign importer by Japanese local car producers In May 009, they reported a record yearly net loss of $ 4. Billion In 2005 faced criticism because of a large scale recall and quality issues Opportunities Recovery of auto industries Positive growth trend in hybrid vehicle segment Growing demand from major emerging markets India and China Demand for fuel efficient, compact vehicles In 2009 Bank Of India decreased the interests on automotive bank loans Product innovation Threats Competition in the global automotive market Uncertainty in global economic condition Weakenin g demand, increasing cost Tightening emission standards C. PEST Analysis Political Factors Laws and regulations mandated by the government/state/local assembles may put in measures to ensure that safe and ethical practices are being followed to promote fairness within the company. On the other hand, these laws, especially those foreign to Japanese customs create policies that imposes more profit loss for TM because it is a foreign car company. Economic and Social Factors The first that may impact Tm’s profit is that the social status of the world economy as a whole. If the world market is suffering due to a world-wide recession. Customers may be forced to buy domestic cars due to their lower cost, rather than buying foreign cars. However, if consumers are earning a higher income, this may prove beneficial to Toyota thereby increasing company profit and accountability. Stability of the upcoming market is highly projected. Technological Factors Technological advancements may also be a factor in determining Tm’s overall production. The world relies heavily on technology to plan out the details and executions of company plans and goals. It would be wise for T MAC to continue its research developments to improve the company’s value and reputation. IV. Relevant Strategic Management Lean Production System Lean Production System is the system designed and evolved in Toyota. It is modified form of Henry Ford’s Mass Production System. In some areas its philosophy seem exactly opposite to the fundamental principles of Mass Production System. Mass Production System Mass production is a method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit. This system of production is also known as Push System or Just- in-Case System . With precision equipment, large numbers of identical parts could be produced at low cost and with a small work force. Diversification At the time of establishment of Toyota Motor Company was in the business of making handloom. This can be seen as a Conglomerate Diversification as Toyota expanded its scope from Handloom Industry to Automobile Industry. Joint Venture ANNUM was established at the site of a former GM Fremont Assembly site that had been closed two years earlier in 1982. GM and Toyota reopened the factory as a joint venture in 1984 to manufacture vehicles to be sold under both brands. A joint venture was viewed as an approach that would lower the risk while providing help in overcoming difficult potential problems. Market Segmentation Toast’s most significant business segment is its automotive operations. Toyota carries out its automotive operations as a global competitor in the worldwide automotive market. Toast’s uses both differentiation and low cost as generic strategies to try and gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in the automotive industry’. The market scope that Toyota uses is a broad one that encompasses nearly every type of customer that is in the market to purchase an automobile. Toyota is able to target such a large market because they have something for everyone. V. Alternative Courses and Action Toyota Motors Corporation, one of the largest automakers in the world. Due to growing number of recalls that it faced, sales plummeted thereby affecting the company’s position in the global automotive industry. The company recalled million of vehicles in 2009 that does not only hurt the company financially but significantly damaged the company’s brand. Toyota must ensure that the cars produced are faultless and of good quality. Toyota must focus on differentiating the company by concentrating on the atmosphere and design of the vehicles . It must enhance customers service s full-service provider. Excellent customer service should be observed since it would be able to make the company boost their reputation and consistency in terms of customer satisfaction. There should be a unique offering of amenities and facilities which would give them a stand out compared to other competitors, something like a trademark item or facility in which it couldn’t be copied or duplicated. Toyota has a reputation of manufacturing CEO friendly cars like the Pries based upon advanced technology developed by the organization. Toyota has also sold on its technology to other motor manufacturers. There is a big demand for CEO friendly and fuel efficient cars. Since Toyota already has a first mover advantage in making hybrid CEO friendly cars, it should capitalize on this opportunity and invest more on hybrid RD and produce more environment friendly cars. VI. Analysis of Alternatives (Advantages and Disadvantages) VI’. Conclusion Toyota has sources of strong competitive advantages in global automotive industry such as value chain, strong brand, wide product offering and hybrid vehicles. Major recalls, economic crisis and intense global competition have used serious challenge for Toyota. Growing emerging markets and shifting Customer demands offer opportunities for Toyota to attain superior profitability and growth. Toyota must sustain its competitive advantages to retain its position and achieve future success. VIII. Recommendations Toyota motors are famous for their just in time manufacturing. The organization is doing well in this regard and competes with the world’s top car manufacturing firms -However the quality of the car as compare to other car manufacturing companies is not satisfactory. They should focus on the quality ND designs of the car. As compare to Honda, the intense competitor of Toyota in Asia and some other regions, they have elegant designs and quality cars. Apart from that the company should also focus on fuel efficient and hybrid cars to increase its production and to make people aware of these cars. TM needs to become more diverse, to allow the integration of leadership in all sectors of leaderships to create a uniform leadership team. The way the system is set up is not going too well for the company’s goal of being the number one manufacturer in the world. How to cite Toyota, Papers

Hemingway Code Hero Essay Research Paper In free essay sample

Hemingway Code Hero Essay, Research Paper In this novel A Farewell to Weaponries by Ernest Hemingway, Hemingway brings about the development of Frederick Henry being converted into a codification hero in realistic ways. Frederick Henry achieved the six codification hero features by the terminal of the novel with the aid of Catherine, a codification hero herself. All the features seem to follow the way of a manful individual who is continuously endeavoring to populate his/her life to the fullest. Throughout this novel, Frederick Henry # 8217 ; s behavior matures to the codification hero in which Hemingway desires to be. In the start of the novel, Frederick Henry was into over- animal pleasances and could non command himself until he had spent much clip with Catherine and learned how to train himself. Henry # 8220 ; had drunk much vino # 8221 ; and roamed from prostitute house to whore house near the beginning of the novel. He had no control over himself nor could keep his spirits or contain himself from easy adult females during this clip. Henry eventually disciplined himself near the terminal of his stay at the Ospidale Maggoire. The nada construct had been a portion of Henry # 8217 ; s life from the beginning. Henry stood up darks because the dark is a representation of evil and decease to him. If he is non asleep, he can avoid holding to cover with it. Henry besides is accompanied by Catherine during darks at the Ospidale Maggoire. To Henry there # 8220 ; was about no difference in the dark except that is was an even better clip # 8221 ; with Catherine. Catherine, who is already a codification hero, has values which transcend onto Henry at the Hospital. During the twenty-four hours, Henry sleeps but Catherine has to work, so she stops coming to him on darks. Henry is left to remain up, entirely on darks. Besides, he does non inquire Catherine to come stay with him therefore commanding his desires to do love to her. From this point in the book, Henry disciplines himself. During those darks together, they made lov e and talked. When he foremost saw Catherine, he was after sexual pleasances from her alternatively of the cocottes in Gorizia. He neer realized that he was in love untill some clip subsequently. Besides, when he is in the class of a conflict with Manera, Gavuzi and Passini, he began to eat nutrient. Henry enjoys the nutrient he eats, the love he makes and the vino he drinks whenever he pleases to, as a codification hero does. Henry showed his trueness to the persons and little groups in his life, and near the terminal of the novel he showed grace under force per unit area. He is loyal to people similar to the group of ambulance drivers he was drivin g with on their retreat or people similar to the Count. During his abandonment, he jumped into a river to avoid being changeable and killed by the Carabinieri. The Carabinieri began to hit every officer who showed up tardily in the retreat. The Italian ground forces seemed to Henry to be unfit for him and unorganised. To avoid being killed he jumped into the Tagliamento river. Henry one time began to believe he â€Å"would drown† and so â€Å"fought and thrashed through the water† to salvage his life from the disruptive Waterss of the Tagliamento. He neer showed the reader his feelings of courage during this effort. In the concluding pages of book IV, Henry strove to traverse the Switzerland boundary line and seek safety from the Italian constabulary. When he arrived there with Catherine, he was questioned by the boundary line constabulary and told them he and his married woman were looking for winter athletics in Switzerland. He lied under oppugning by the usage agents in order to salvage himself from his ground forces and did non demo any defeats or jitteriness in the procedure. With Catherine on his side, he proved to the reader that he was able to demo grace under hard fortunes. Henry neer one time talked about his beliefs or feelings throughout the novel. He does non speak about his hate for the Carabinieri or his feelings when he is cheerful or blue. He showed no marks of compunction for abandoning the Italian ground forces or about the clip when he shot and wounded the Sergeant apostate. In the terminal of the novel, Henry is faced with his love # 8217 ; s decease. Henry told God # 8220 ; please, please, beloved God, don # 8217 ; t allow her decease # 8221 ; the minute before he entered the door where Catherine eventually passed off due to a bleeding. Minutes subsequently Henry is offered some company on the manner back to his place but he declines. He goes off to his house by himself and kinds things out with what decease really is. He asked God to salvage his greatest love after taking his kid and does non have an reply. He concludes that decease is the terminal and when it gets you, there is no where to travel. Henry neer becomes a codification her o until the terminal when he accepts decease as the terminal of being. Ernest hemingwaies codification hero, Frederick Henry, evolutionizes into a adult male whom the reader could place with and understand. Henry unwittingly becomes a codification hero and a better individual with the aid of Catherine. Henry becomes a codification hero in the terminal due to the aid of many incidents. On the last few pages, the reader realizes he has become a codification hero because he responded to the serious state of affairs on his custodies calmly and orderly as Catherine did

Hammurabi In His Position As King Of Babylonia, Hammurabi Managed To O

Hammurabi In his position as King of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to organize the world's first code of laws and establish Babylon as the dominant and successful Amorite city of its time. "Records written on clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a very capable administrator and a successful warrior. His rule spanned from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. When he became king in 1792, he was still young, but had already become entrusted with many official duties in his administration"(Grolier). In the early years of his reign, Hammurabi mostly participated in traditional activities, such as repairing buildings, digging canals, and fighting wars. Yet later in his rule, Hammurabi organized a unique code of laws, the first of its kind, therefore making himself one of the world's most influential leaders. Hammurabi was primarily influential to the world because of his code of laws. This code consisted of 282 provisions, systematically arranged under a variety of subjects. He s orted his laws into groups such as family, labor, personal property, real estate, trade, and business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been categorized into various sections. This format of organization was emulated by civilizations of the future. For example, Semitic cultures succeeding Hammurabi's rule used some of the same laws that were included in Hammurabi's code. Hammurabi's method of thought is evident in present day societies which are influenced by his code. Modern governments currently create specific laws, which are placed into their appropriate family of similar laws. Hammurabi had his laws recorded upon an eight foot high black stone monument. Hammurabi based his code on principles like, the strong should not injure the weak, and that punishment should fit the crime. As for punishment, "legal actions were initiated under the code by written pleadings; testimony was taken under oath. The code was severe in it's penalties, prescribing "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.""(Grolier). This code of laws was able to be maintained by invoking the authority of the gods and the state. Although the punishments were different than those of today, the authority of the state (government) is similar. Currently, punishments are issued through the state's law enforcement system, comparable to the way punishment was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the code, crimes punishable by death required a trial in front of a bench of judges. Included in these crimes were: bigamy, incest, kidnapping, adultery and theft. There were also laws similar to today. For example, a husband who wished to divorce his wife, was required to pay alimony and child support. By creating the world's first set of organized laws, Hammurabi constituted a model set of moral codes for other civilizations to duplicate. "The code of Hammurabi is believed to have greatly influenced the development of Near Eastern civilizations for centuries after it was written"(Britannica). Although Hammurabi failed to establish an effective bureaucratic system himself, his ideas were successful in establishing laws in Babylonia. Since Babylon was the world's first metropolis, the large population needed to be bound by a strict set of organized civil laws. The way Hammurabi constructed his laws is influential to the world today, because laws can be more easily understood by the people. Bibliography "Code of Hammurabi." Encyclopedia Britannica (1989), X, 682. "Hammurabi." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia (1994). "Hammurabi." Compton's Encyclopedia (1990), XI, 225. Hammurabi In His Position As King Of Babylonia, Hammurabi Managed To O Hammurabi In his position as King of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to organize the world's first code of laws and establish Babylon as the dominant and successful Amorite city of its time. "Records written on clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a very capable administrator and a successful warrior. His rule spanned from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. When he became king in 1792, he was still young, but had already become entrusted with many official duties in his administration"(Grolier). In the early years of his reign, Hammurabi mostly participated in traditional activities, such as repairing buildings, digging canals, and fighting wars. Yet later in his rule, Hammurabi organized a unique code of laws, the first of its kind, therefore making himself one of the world's most influential leaders. Hammurabi was primarily influential to the world because of his code of laws. This code consisted of 282 provisions, systematically arranged under a variety of subjects. He s orted his laws into groups such as family, labor, personal property, real estate, trade, and business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been categorized into various sections. This format of organization was emulated by civilizations of the future. For example, Semitic cultures succeeding Hammurabi's rule used some of the same laws that were included in Hammurabi's code. Hammurabi's method of thought is evident in present day societies which are influenced by his code. Modern governments currently create specific laws, which are placed into their appropriate family of similar laws. Hammurabi had his laws recorded upon an eight foot high black stone monument. Hammurabi based his code on principles like, the strong should not injure the weak, and that punishment should fit the crime. As for punishment, "legal actions were initiated under the code by written pleadings; testimony was taken under oath. The code was severe in it's penalties, prescribing "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.""(Grolier). This code of laws was able to be maintained by invoking the authority of the gods and the state. Although the punishments were different than those of today, the authority of the state (government) is similar. Currently, punishments are issued through the state's law enforcement system, comparable to the way punishment was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the code, crimes punishable by death required a trial in front of a bench of judges. Included in these crimes were: bigamy, incest, kidnapping, adultery and theft. There were also laws similar to today. For example, a husband who wished to divorce his wife, was required to pay alimony and child support. By creating the world's first set of organized laws, Hammurabi constituted a model set of moral codes for other civilizations to duplicate. "The code of Hammurabi is believed to have greatly influenced the development of Near Eastern civilizations for centuries after it was written"(Britannica). Although Hammurabi failed to establish an effective bureaucratic system himself, his ideas were successful in establishing laws in Babylonia. Since Babylon was the world's first metropolis, the large population needed to be bound by a strict set of organized civil laws. The way Hammurabi constructed his laws is influential to the world today, because laws can be more easily understood by the people. Bibliography "Code of Hammurabi." Encyclopedia Britannica (1989), X, 682. "Hammurabi." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia (1994). "Hammurabi." Compton's Encyclopedia (1990), XI, 225. Hammurabi In His Position As King Of Babylonia, Hammurabi Managed To O Hammurabi In his position as King of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to organize the world's first code of laws and establish Babylon as the dominant and successful Amorite city of its time. "Records written on clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a very capable administrator and a successful warrior. His rule spanned from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. When he became king in 1792, he was still young, but had already become entrusted with many official duties in his administration"(Grolier). In the early years of his reign, Hammurabi mostly participated in traditional activities, such as repairing buildings, digging canals, and fighting wars. Yet later in his rule, Hammurabi organized a unique code of laws, the first of its kind, therefore making himself one of the world's most influential leaders. Hammurabi was primarily influential to the world because of his code of laws. This code consisted of 282 provisions, systematically arranged under a variety of subjects. He s orted his laws into groups such as family, labor, personal property, real estate, trade, and business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been categorized into various sections. This format of organization was emulated by civilizations of the future. For example, Semitic cultures succeeding Hammurabi's rule used some of the same laws that were included in Hammurabi's code. Hammurabi's method of thought is evident in present day societies which are influenced by his code. Modern governments currently create specific laws, which are placed into their appropriate family of similar laws. Hammurabi had his laws recorded upon an eight foot high black stone monument. Hammurabi based his code on principles like, the strong should not injure the weak, and that punishment should fit the crime. As for punishment, "legal actions were initiated under the code by written pleadings; testimony was taken under oath. The code was severe in it's penalties, prescribing "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.""(Grolier). This code of laws was able to be maintained by invoking the authority of the gods and the state. Although the punishments were different than those of today, the authority of the state (government) is similar. Currently, punishments are issued through the state's law enforcement system, comparable to the way punishment was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the code, crimes punishable by death required a trial in front of a bench of judges. Included in these crimes were: bigamy, incest, kidnapping, adultery and theft. There were also laws similar to today. For example, a husband who wished to divorce his wife, was required to pay alimony and child support. By creating the world's first set of organized laws, Hammurabi constituted a model set of moral codes for other civilizations to duplicate. "The code of Hammurabi is believed to have greatly influenced the development of Near Eastern civilizations for centuries after it was written"(Britannica). Although Hammurabi failed to establish an effective bureaucratic system himself, his ideas were successful in establishing laws in Babylonia. Since Babylon was the world's first metropolis, the large population needed to be bound by a strict set of organized civil laws. The way Hammurabi constructed his laws is influential to the world today, because laws can be more easily understood by the people. Bibliography "Code of Hammurabi." Encyclopedia Britannica (1989), X, 682. "Hammurabi." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia (1994). "Hammurabi." Compton's Encyclopedia (1990), XI, 225.

Dreams vs. reality Essays

Dreams vs. reality Essays Dreams vs. reality Paper Dreams vs. reality Paper Dreams vs.. Reality Corm McCarthy has written many terrific novels Including the book The Road. In this book McCarthy uses the theme dreams vs.. Reality often. Many other authors have also used this theme, including F. Scott Fitzgerald. Corm McCarthy and F. Scott Fitzgerald have very different writing styles, although they both have the reoccurring theme of dreams vs.. Reality. In the book The Road there are numerous examples of how McCarthy compares dreams and reality. One of the main of examples of this is the man dreaming of his wife. In the story, the wife Is never physically there; she Is always a thought, a Emory or a dream. The old man often dreams of their perfect relationship and how wonderful and gorgeous she was. He dreamt of her in a magnificent dress, with a dashing smile and luscious dark hair. The man dreaming of his wife so often meant something. His wife was a wonderful thing and it also is something he lost. This is a direct comparison to his life. He had a fantastic life and now after the disaster his life Is ruined and destroyed Just Like his wife. The boy himself also had dreams. The boys dreams were not as happy and good as the father; rather they were dark and scary, bad dreams. One dream in specific was the dream of a wound it up toy. As the boy woke whimpering he told his father everything about the dream. l had this penguin that you wound up and it would waddle and flap its flippers. We were in that house that we used to live in and it came around the corner but nobody had wound It up and It was really scary. (The Road 14) To many people this might sound foolish. UT this was a child and had many scary thoughts dancing around his head and his dreams were how he expressed his thoughts. Later in the story, Just before the Mans death, he gave the boy some very wise advice. When your dreams are of some world that never was or of some world that never will be and you are happy again then you will have given up. Do you understand? And you cant give up. I wont let you. (The Road 66) In essence, what the Man Is trying to say Is that without bad dreams there Is no end and with good dreams the end is near. When your dreams are happy it has proven you have given up and you have lost. When you are having bad dreams you are still fighting and you are pursuing the future. Dreams are a physiological time clock of your life. Relative to Corm McCarthy, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the theme of dreams vs.. Laity In his books. It Is most prominent In the book The Great Gatsby. In this book Jay Gatsby pursues his dreams to be In a relationship Daisy Buchanan. In this quest he overcomes and succumbed to many obstacles. His main obstacle was winning Daisy back and living the perfect life just as he dreamt. Gatsby needed to face reality and realize that he can not reverse time. Nor can he instantly make his dreams true. Reality was that Gatsby was too late, Daisy had fallen in love with Tom Buchanan and Gatsby love would not be enough to split there relationship. Case, his dreams overcame him. He dreamt of Daisy and their perfect future, he dad this his goal and only goal. He started evolving his entire life around it by buying a huge mansion across the bay from the Buchannan and throwing huge parties on the weekends. The line between reality and dreams was blurred and Gatsby started to mistake his dreams for reality. Once his dreams were crushed his reality was crushed and Gatsby emotion caught up to him and inevitably led to disaster. Both Corm McCarthy and F. Scott Fitzgerald use the the theme dreams vs. reality. Regardless, they both have there differences, they are still very similar. Both books can teach one some very crucial and important lessons in life.

Use of Business Intelligence in Knowledge Management, Sales Essay

Use of Business Intelligence in Knowledge Management, Sales Forecasting or Market Research - Essay Example In order to demonstrate the variations in its meaning only two of its various meanings are demonstrated as under. â€Å"Business intelligence (BI) is a broad category of application programs and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions. BI applications include the activities of decision support, query and reporting, online analytical processing (OLAP), statistical analysis, forecasting, and data mining.† (Sauder, 2011) and, â€Å"Normally describes the result of in-depth analysis of detailed business data. Includes database and application technologies, as well as analysis practices. Sometimes used synonymously with "decision support," though business intelligence is technically much broader, potentially encompassing knowledge management, enterprise resource planning, and data mining, among other practices. ...† (csumb, 2011) Trying to interpret the actual meanings of the term ‘intelligence’ and how it is evolved would give us a better understanding into the terminology of business intelligence itself. Generally, intelligence refers to the ability to understand, learn and evolve. Intelligence develops with every learning experience and input of every kind of information. Basic intelligence, when deployed in business environment is referred to as business intelligence. THE DISCUSSION: The capacity of human beings to incorporate prior instinctive and experience based knowledge to execute processes in order to achieve a particular objective is termed as intelligence. It’s a virtual entity that encompasses all logical horizons. Business is also one of the natural and logical processes. Logic can be defined as a set of rules that governs executions. To discriminate a process as being logical or illogical one needs to be intelligent. This new perspective about intelligence gives a much unde rstandable definition of Business Intelligence. BI would now be defined as, the capacity that enables businessmen to differentiate logical and illogical executions in a business.. This definition presents Business Intelligence as an umbrella that covers almost all the tasks performed under the tag of ‘businesses’. This paper emphasizes on the same notion with the discussion of multiple top notch business terms namely sales forecasting, market research and knowledge management. The association of business intelligence with sales forecasting, knowledge management and Market Research brings new meanings to this seemingly simple business term. It is attempted to take a general look at the basic definitions of each of the above mentioned terms before looking at their comparative involvements and meanings. SALES FORECASTING: Sales forecasting is a well known business terminology. Integral to its existence this business process involves an insight into the future prospects of a company’s sales. These sales may be spanned over any specific amount of time may it be weekly, monthly or yearly. The importance of this vital business process can be assessed by the fact that the prospective production strategies and those involving inventory are all based upon the feedback given to the business by it sales forecasting process. It is impossible that without having an idea of the sales of a business the designing of its inventory be done. Estimates regarding

Seminar question unit 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seminar question unit 4 - Assignment Example Nutrition screening can benefit the prevention of heart diseases through identifying the nutritional characteristics related to the heart diseases (Bernstein & Luggen, 2011). Studies have indicated that one of the key prevention measures to reduce the alarming rate of mortality due to heart diseases is through good understanding of the right diet for the body. Consequently, nutrition screening in this area will identify individuals with high level of density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol that is responsible for accumulation of plaque in the arteries increasing the risks for heart attack. The identification of the heart related nutritional problems would use a criteria based on diet, height and weight, obesity, and diagnosis to determine the blood pressure level. This will benefit the patient by primarily determining their vulnerability to the heart diseases (Bernstein & Luggen, 2011). In addition, the patient will learn on how to adopt an appropriate diet strategy for sufficient vitamins, nutrients, and calories in the body. Consequently, patients will not only reduce risk of heart diseases, but also improve the body’s immune

HIST up to 1877 DB6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HIST up to 1877 DB6 - Essay Example Lincoln believed that slavery should be completely eradicated. Thus, Douglas and Lincoln differed on their stance on slavery. The two political gladiators at that time were on opposing sides on the issue of slavery. Thus, it could be said that while Stephen Douglas supported slavery, Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery (Donald 89-92). While Abraham Lincoln was concerned with the moral effects of slavery, Stephen Douglas was not in any way concerned with the morality threat that the institution of slavery brought with it. Douglas believed that the sovereignty of the people should be considered on the issue of slavery, this is the reason that he argued that slavery should be made to stand if the inhabitants of the region supported it. Lincoln believed that this was not an issue of popular sovereignty, but concerted efforts should be made to totally eradicate slavery. Thus, Lincoln differed from Douglas on the issue of slavery in the sense that, Lincoln opposed slavery, while Douglas lent a hand of support to the institutionalization of slavery in some states. Work Cited Donald, David Herbert. Lincoln. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. Print

PPDP provides skills level mapping tool

PPDP provides skills level mapping tool OUT Come 14; Demonstrate responsibility for ones own learning through the development of a portfolioof practice and recognise when further learning is required. Evidence Doc; P1S3R32(Reflection on placement 1) One of the important learning from my 1st placement is the development of personal and professional development portfolio (PPDP). PPDP provides skills level mapping tool and planning for further skills (Wenzel et al 1998).PPDP is developed by nurses and other health care professionals in their professional career (Oermann 2002). When I started my placement, I have no idea; Why I need to develop PPDP? What is the importance of PPDP and how PPDP helps in building up personal and professional development (Trossman 1999)? Soon, I could understand the fact that PPDP are reflection of nurses skill level and provides a tool for development of professional skills (Kelly 1995). My PPDP consists of three main components; Assessment of skills including self, peers and mentors assessments, preparation of action plans for further development and reviews of achieved skills at various intervals. In developing the first part of my PPDP, I looked at essential skill clusters recommended by NMC for nurses (Semple et al 2003) and then I evaluated my current skill levels before developing my PPDP. A nurse should evaluate personal and professional skills throughout his/her professional career (Meeks et al 1995). Actually, it is a time of competition and perfection. In the environment of constant competition and improvement, the knowledge and skills required to enter nursing practice are never sufficient (Cary et al 2005). Therefore, it is recommended for nurses to improve their essential skills through development of PPDP (Cayne 1995). In the first part of my PPDP, I took assessment of my current skills through self evaluation, assessment by my mentor and by taking views of my peers and even clients views on my essential skills to become a good professional nurse. PPDP is an assessment tool for ones skills level (Lettus et al 2001). PPDP are used for continued personal and professional development of nurses (Meister et al 2002). Similarly, I could know that I was deficient in some skills like communication, addressing client, keeping confidentiality etc. By developing PPDP, I also identified that I need to develop some new skills to reach nursing professional standard. First, I thought that only my self assessment is sufficient to evaluate my current skills level. However, there was a question in my mind; Can we rely on self assessment only? The answer comes in No in a study conducted on physician whom self assessment were different than assessment done by external agencies (Davis et al 2006). Then I thought why only self assessment is not sufficient to evaluate ones own skill level. Actually, the assessment of PPDP depends upon assessors individuality (McMullin et al 2004). The angle, way of thinking and thinking approach of myself may be different than others. Secondly other observers like my peers and mentor would be more experienced than me and can reflect more perfectly on my deficiencies and weaknesses in my skills. An external assessor looks at the competencies or the extent of learning in comparison of individuals capacity of self evaluation ( Davis et al 2006). Self assessment could be wrong or weak (Forker et al 1996). Therefore self asse ssment should be counter checked by feedback from experienced people. In performing the evaluation of my skills level, I therefore used not only my self assessment but also feedback from my mentor and peers. Development of PPDP is used to enhance learning skills and abilities by keeping records of current essential skills and planning for development of future skills (Hoban 2003). In developing my PPDP, I recorded my trainings, qualifications and achievements in one compartment. Portfolios are individualised, organised, selective, ongoing and reflective (Hall et al 1996). Similarly, my portfolio would be different from others in arrangement and collection of myself information. I have started developing my PPDP in my first placement but it will continue throughout my training and later on in my professional career. The second compartment of my PPDP consists on action plans for development of my deficient skills and need for new skills. Development of action plans seemed to be not much important to me at the beginning of my placement. But later on, I could understand the value of action plans, without those, I could not be able to look at my deficient skills and could not take necessary steps to learn new skills. PPDP are also used as past reference of learning weaknesses and thus lead to avoid further errors in future (Karlowicz 2000). Similarly, I could find out where I have made mistakes in my first placement. For example, I was using real name of client in my reflection but my mentor asked me to used fictitious names for DATA protection act. Thus I could know the importance of confidentiality and decided not to disclose clients information without his/her consent. Again the development of action plans were a difficult job and only my understanding was not sufficient. Therefore, action plans were developed and agreed with my mentor in my supervisions. The third part of my PPDP consists on assessment reviews. It is the stage where achievement of new skills and improvement of current skills are evaluated and further developmental needs are identified (Tiwari et al 2003). I took my skill assessment reviews with my mentor. My mentor looked at last action plans and identified my achieved skills since my last action plan. Assessment reviews are also focused on needs to develop further skills in a PPDP (Weinstein 2002). Assessment reviews identify issues in PPDP where student fails to achieve required skill level (Moses 2000). Similarly, my mentor found out few skills which I could not achieve due to non-opportunity at the placement site. I have decided to use assessment reviews in my PPDP to enhance my existing skills to the professional level of nursing standard recommended by NMC (UKCC 1992). SUMMARY I learnt from development of PPDP that I can make assessment of my skills not only by self assessment but with the help of feedback from other staff and experienced people like my mentor. I can use action plans for development of my further development in the light of feedback received by my peers, mentor, myself assessment and clients view. I can use assessment reviews to identify achievement of new skills, improvement of current skills and planning for further developmental needs. OUT Come 12; Demonstrate an understanding of the role of others by participating in inter-professional working practice. . Evidence Doc; P1S3R25(Reflection on community team meeting) I started my first placement at community mental health services. I had no idea about community mental health teams (CMHT) when I started my placement. How CMHT works? Who co-ordinate CMHT activities? Who take first intervention and at what level? How clients are referred to CMHT or how client find help from CMHT? These were all question in my mind at the beginning of my placement. I could not have chance to understand the working pattern of CMHT if I had not got a chance of getting an experienced and skilled mentor with central role in CMHT. My mentor works as care- coordinator in CMHT. Therefore, I have an advantage to learn inter-professional practice of my mentor among multidisciplinary team (MDT). I found that community mental health services run through MDT (Caldwell et al 2003). MDT consists on healthcare professionals, medics, social workers, care and support workers and consultants (OConnor et al 2006). A mental health nurse participates in MDT (Van 2004). In the beginning I was confused with an idea that why a single team could not be able to provide mental health services in community. Actually MDT work together to provide care to mental health clients (Clarke 2004). Diversity of knowledge, experience and skills in MDT members provide advantage to treat various mental health issues at multidisciplinary levels (Ellefsen 2002). However, there should always be an individual with central role to coordinate and collate the activities of MDT into a successful pattern to provide mental health services to client. Such a role of inter-professional working practice was my mentors job role. The MDT at my placement site consists on continuing care team, early intervention team and crisis intervention team. In addition to these teams at placement sites, other community mental health teams like transcultural team, community day services, home treatment team and various volunteer and trust organizations like MIND, RETHINK, SPACE, Fitzwilliam center participate in MDT. Each community care team consists on individuals of various behaviour, knowledge, skills and experience. My team was continuing care team consisting on three members from various professions, experience and knowledge. My team interacts with other teams and health professionals during meetings and in providing support to client. I have got chance to look at interaction of my mentor with members of other MDT members. For example, in community meetings, my mentor took feedback from other team members and provided updating on care issues of mental health clients. Each case is discussed individually and any progress or deterioration is discussed and evaluated (Elkan et al 2000). My mentor plays a vital role in co-coordinating, monitoring and supervising inter-professional activities while caring for mental health clients. For example, a clients family was much worried about the client as they were going away for two day. The client was on Methadone and has taken detox treatment from Fitzwilliam center in last few months. However he has been taking over dose of a medicine named Zopliclone tab in last few weeks. There was risk of leaving him alone at home. The family has not taken an opportunity of recreation for long time. On this weekend family decided to go on beach for two days. Family was much worried about the client. There were multiple aspects in the care of client. On one hand clients safety was issue and on the other hand family worry needs to be considered. Furthermore, methadone dosage need reviewing, clients habit to take over dosage of Zopliclone tablet need to be considered. Many members of MDT seemed to be involved in one clients needs. Therefore, my mentor organized inters professional practice. He explained in meeting that he has arranged support worker to keep close contact with client. My mentor also contacted to home treatment team to visit client every day. In addition to that my mentor will be visiting to client as well. He requested to social worker to ensure family that the client will be safe. My mentor also mentioned that he has contacted Fitzwilliam center to review methadone dosage as client seemed to be fit on less dosage. In addition to that my mentor has contacted to GP t o review clients medication under recent changes. Actually, my mentor act to inter connects various healthcare professionals activities while providing care to the client. Thus I learnt that a care-coordinator carry out inter professional practice to combine individual efforts of care in the form of a united care plan for clients care, management. SUMMARY The role of my mentor as care co-coordinator in his inters professional working practice was enough observation for me to understand his role in organizing various professional activities. Inter- Professional practice co-ordinate activities between various health professionals. Inter- Professional practice combine efforts of various healthcare professionals to result in a united and single agreed care plan. Each member of MDT receives multiple feedbacks from various members of MDT and feedback may oscillate forward and backward creating a sense of care and treatment. For example if my mentor has not organized inter professional practice, home treatment team could not care the client at home, social worker could not know about the risk involved in leaving client alone and GP would not get feedback regarding reviewing Tab Zopliclone and changing it with less adaptive sleeping tablet. OUT Come 10; Recognose situation in which agreed plans of nursing careno longer appear appropriate and refer these to an accountable practitioner. Evidence Doc; P1S3R21(Reflection onfollow up of client LD) When I started placement, it looked impossible for me to review a care plan and to feel need to review a care plan. I was not sure, why a care plan change? How a care plan change? What are the circumstances which may change clients care plan? My initial understanding was review of a care plan at regular and fixed intervals. But my understanding about review of care plan changed when I made visits to client Ld in the supervision of my mentor. Care plans are agreed plans for providing nursing care to clients (Baker 2003). Care plans are prepared after risk assessments and client involvement. (Olofsson et al 2000). Care plans are reviewed after regular intervals but may change immediately followed by some major changes in risk assessments associated to a client. This happened when Client Lds risk assessment change followed by changes in circumstance and therefore care plane was reviewed. I made visits to client Ld with my mentor. History of Ld goes back to the time when her immigration status was changed. Ld belongs to an area where army revolution has caused many sad incidences. Rape of young girls was common and Ld was one of these victims. Ld could escape to UK and applied for asylum but could not prove evidence. Resultantly her asylum was refused. As a result of stress, Ld started getting obsessions of rape and got fits as well due to fear and anxiety of going back to same environment. The changes in Lds circumstance were negative as her mental health and socio-economical status was deteriorated. I got information by looking at Client Lds history that a care plan was revised first time when Client Ld started getting fits. Ambulance services were called and Ld was hospitalized. Then Crisis team revised care plan at first time. According to care plan, Ld was treated for mental illness called schizophrenia (Lysaker et al 2010). She was also provided free legal aid to appeal for her immigration status. Lds anxiety and insomnia was also considered as risk factor for Lds mental health. At the time, Lds immigration status was refused; she was living in shared accommodation. Financial resources were not very good as she was provided very little money in addition to shared accommodation. Then she started obsession and fits. It was the first time when Lds care plan was changed in response to quick changes. As anxiety and stress was considered as a cause of fits, a supported accommodation was planned. Medication for obsession (Tab Clozapine) and insomnia and anxiety (Tab Lorazepam) was prescribed by GP and was a part of care plan. A social worker and interpreter were also allocated to Ld for assistance in living and reducing anxiety and stress. This was the first time; I observed change in Lds care plan following by an abrupt change in Lds circumstances. The cause or change in Lds circumstances was negative as Lds mental issue and vulnerability was deteriorated. Therefore, a close observation with more precise care was recommended in care plan. When I looked at Lds mental health history and crisis teams intervention, I could understand that crisis team reviewd care plan after evaluating potential risk factors. My direct observation (when Lds care plan was changed at second time followed by change in her circumstances) was the time when Lds circumstance has positively improved. It was the second occasion when Lds care plan was changed following a steep change in her circumstance. It was the time when Lds asylum has been accepted and Ld started getting improved in her mental illness. She has not got fits for a long time. She has started living in supported accommodation. She has started going out in community to make friends and having coffee at coffee evening. Ld is due to Start College in September. I observed that it was positive change in circumstance as compared to negative changes when Lds mental health deteriorated in first intervention. I could conclude that why my mentor was suggesting review of Lds care plan. Actually risk assessment has changed as risk factors for Lds mental health are reduced. Need for medication has changed. Therefore, my mentor felt a review of medication and r eferred client to consultant for medication review. The same dose of Tab Lorazepam was causing more sleep than required for calmness when clients anxiety was high. Client Lds improvement in mental health status has identified her needs for social interaction and therefore an independent accommodation was recommended in reviewed care plan. As Client Lds social interaction will increase soon, she will need more financial help. As a result of success in asylum, Ld deserves more financial aid now. Therefore it was recommended in care plan to help Ld to apply for her benefits. As Ld would be getting more financial help, it was felt that Ld should be provided help in managing her budget as she will be living independently. Therefore, social worker was requested to help Ld making her monthly budget. It was also a part of reviewed care plan. Clients participation and consultation from experts are final steps in care plan review (Hunt et al 1994). Client Ld was involved in care plan review at all stages. My mentor asked her at each step of review if she was happy with changes in care plan. A final opinion was taken from consultant before finally reviewing Lds care plan. Client Ld case has provided me understanding that a care plan goes out of date when personal, mental health, financial and social issues change. The change in circumstance may be positive in case of improvement or negative in case of deterioration of mental health issues or socio-economical issues. Lds case is a perfect example of care plan review followed by positive and negative changes in circumstances. (Word limit 2750) SUMMARY Learning from client Lds case Is practical experience of stress vulnerability model (Zubin et al 1977). Was needed to change in care plan followed by an immediate change in circumstances of a client. For example, client Lds circumstance change twice times. Once negatively when crisis team drafted first care plan and secondly as positively when my mentor reviewed her care plan. I can understand that care plans are reviewed followed by any change in clients mental health issues and other circumstances resulting in changes in risk assessment. CONCLUSION The placement has provided me clear idea and good understanding of the skills required to be a professional mental health nurse. I learnt about development of PPDP, care plans review followed by immediately changes associated to a client environment, the role of a care coordinator to work in inter-professional practice and many other essential skills to become a professional mental health nurse. In developing a PPDP, I learnt making initial assessment of skills required to reach nursing standards, preparation of action plans to identify past mistakes, future planning for skills and review of skills at the end of each action plan duration. I learnt the inter professional practice of a health care professional (my mentor at my placement) to organize and unite efforts of various healthcare professionals in creating a single united care plan for client. I also learnt to review care plan if there is change in risk assessment for client. REFERENCE Caldwell K, Atwal A, 2003,The problems of interprofessional healthcare practice in hospitals. Brf Nurs,12:1212-18. Cayne,J.V.,1995.Portfolio: a developmental influence. Journal of Advanced Nursing,21,395-405. Cary AH, Smolenski MC.2005, Overview of competency and the methods for evaluating continued competence. American Nurses Association 1-10 Clarke, J.2004.Public health nursing in Ireland. A critical overview. Public health Nursing,21(2),191-198. Davis DA, Mazmanian PE, Fordis M, Harrison RV, Thorpe KE, Perrier L.2006, Accuracy of physician self assessment compared with observed measures of competence. J Am Med Assoc; 296-9;1094-1102. Elkan, R., Blair,M., robinson, J, 2000. 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